Rollovers represent the intersection of interest rate markets and forex markets. When an open position from one value date or settlement date is rolled over to the next value date or settlement date, this is known as Rollover in currency trading. Rollovers are unique to the currency markets.

Rollover rates depend on the difference between the interest rates of the two currencies in the pair that you are trading. Only remember that what you are trading is in fact the good old cash. Dont forget currency is money after all.

It is like having a deposit in a bank account when you are long on a currency. Its like take a loan from the bank if you are short. You should expect an interest gain or an interest expense on holding a currency position over time just as you would expect to earn interest on a bank deposit and pay interest on a loan.

The difference between the interest rates between the two currencies is called the interest rate differential. Think of the open currency position as one currency with the positive balance (the currency you are long) and one with negative balance (the currency you are short).

You should look for the base or benchmark lending rates in each country. The interest rates of two different countries apply because your accounts are in two different currencies. You can find the benchmark lending interest rates of different countries from any good financial website like the Wall Street Journal, the Financial Times, CNBC etc.

The larger the interest rate differential, the larger the impact from rollovers! The narrower the interest rate differential, the smaller the impact of the rollovers! Rollovers are usually carried out by your forex broker if you hold an open position past the settlement date.

Rollovers are applied to your open currency position by two offsetting trades that result in the same open position. Some online forex brokers apply the rollover rates by adjusting the average rate of your open position. Other forex brokers apply the rollover rates by applying the rollover credit or debit directly to your margin balance.

Day traders dont have to worry about rollovers. Rollovers do not apply for day traders who usually close their positions at the end of each trading day. Rollovers are not applied if you dont carry a position over the change in the value date. Rollovers only apply to your over night open position carried over to the next day. Rollovers are applied to open position after 5.00 PM EST change in value date.

Rollovers can earn you interest income if you are long the currency with the higher interest rate and short the currency with the lower interest rate. Rollovers will cost you money if you are short the currency with the higher interest rate and long the currency with the low interest rates.

Millions of Americans are moving heaven and earth to pay off their loans while an equal number of them are finding it extremely difficult to manage their loans. This can virtually leave you in a debt trap as a bad credit score will not allow you to get any kind of loan or set right your debt position. However, all hopes are not lost yet, as there are companies that are ready to lend you a helping hand in clearing your debts and improve your credit score, but you need to tread carefully so that you do not end up in a mess again.

On most occasions, Companies volunteer to talk to your bill collectors to bring your loans to a respectable level in order to help you clear them. As mentioned earlier, you should be careful while endeavoring to improve your credit position; you do not end up aggravating the situation. Assuming that the companies and your bill collectors help to reduce your loan burden, your credit report could still be reflecting it as a bad debt, which will in no way help your credit score.

There is one way, though, to wriggle out of your debt position and repair your credit score simultaneously, by repaying the entire loan in one go, which may not be at the agreed rate. This can be accomplished by availing a debt consolidation loan, which means that you may pay off all your loans in one go so that you are left with only one kind of loan at the end of it.

One consolation is that the debt consolidation loan normally comes with an interest rate which is less than what you were paying hitherto, and hence, repaying this loan over a period does not pose to be a problem. You stand to gain substantial money in this manner and your reputation dopes not suffer at the hands of those who gave you the loan.

Another good option for some is to take on a second mortgage. This is a fantastic option if you have equity in your home and can secure a good interest rate. Your monthly mortgage payment will increase but you can potentially save thousands of dollars in interest and it will feel great to have put all that debt behind you. Paying off high interest debt with low interest loans saves a ton of money in interest payments and helps you pay off your debt sooner. It’s the best thing you can do for your credit score, too. Your creditors will have nothing to complain about.

Your credit score is extremely important when you want to make a major purchase such as an automobile or a home. If you can possibly afford it you should use one of the methods described above that will pay off your debt in full. This will keep your creditors happy and will ensure that you have a good credit rating. Before you make a decision on which option is available and which one best meets your needs, you should review all of the possibilities carefully.

The most active traded crosses focus on the three non USD currencies (EUR, JPY and GBP). These crosses are known as the euro crosses, yen crosses and the sterling crosses. The most actively traded cross currency pairs are: EUR/CHF, EUR/GBP, EUR/JPY, GBP/JPY, AUD/JPY and NZD/JPY. Crosses enable currency traders to directly target trades to specific individual currencies to take advantage of news or events.

For a new traded there are some surprises in currency trading. You may notice that the currencies are combined in a seemingly strange way when you look up at the currency pairs. For example, if euro-yen (EUR/JPY) is a euro-yen cross, why it is not being also referred to as yen-euro (JPY/EUR)? The answer is these conventions have been designed to reflect traditionally strong currencies versus traditionally weak currencies with the strong currency coming first. Those quoting conventions were evolved over the years.

The first currency in the currency pair is known as the base currency. For example in USD/EUR, USD is the base currency. It is the base currency that you are buying or selling when you buy or sell a currency pair. The second currency in the pair is known as the counter currency. In the above currency pair, Euro is the counter or secondary currency. So if you buy 100,000 EUR/JPY. You have just bought 100,000 Euros and sold the equivalent amount in Japanese Yen.

So currency trading involves simultaneously buying and selling. Going long in currency trading means having bough a currency pair! When you are long, you are looking for the prices to go higher. So you can sell at a higher price that where you bought.

Going short in currency trading means selling a currency pair! It means that you have sold the currency pair, meaning you have sold the base currency and bought the counter currency. When you anticipate the price of a currency pair going down, you go short in anticipation of the price going further down. This will make you a capital gain later when you exit your position. In currency trading going short is as common as going long. Unlike stock trading where you had to observe the up tick rule before you could go short. In currency trading there is no such rule.

Its called squaring up if you have an open position and you want to close it. You need to buy or go long to square up if you are short. You need to sell or short to go flat if you are long. Having no position in the market is known as being square or flat. Selling high and buying low is the standard currency trading strategy just like in any other trading.

A clear understanding of how P&L works is especially critical to online margin trading. Profit and Loss is how traders measure success and failure. You will need to pony up cash as collateral to support the margin requirements established by your broker when you open an online currency trading account.

Profit and Loss calculations are pretty straight forward. They are based on position size and the number of pips you make or lose. A pip is the smallest increment of price fluctuation in currency pairs. Most of the currency pairs are quoted up to four decimal places except those involving JPY; they are only quoted up to 2 decimal places. Suppose GBP/USD quote is 1.2963. If the price moves from 1.2963 to 1.2983, it has gone up by 20 pips (1.2983-1.2963). Pip is the increase or decrease in the fourth decimal digit. Pips are also referred to as points.

Lets first define what Technical Analysis is. Technical Analysis is the study of historical and ongoing price data through charts, price patterns and chart indicators. Charts display price in time intervals using bars and candlesticks.

Technical Analysis is based on the following assumptions. 1) All available information is already impounded in the market prices of the securities. 2) Prices always move in trends or patterns. 3) History repeats itself meaning you can predict the future market by studying the past market prices.

Studies have shown that once a trend is in motion, it is most likely to continue rather than reverse it. The more one studies chart patterns in technical analysis, the clearer it becomes that reading and interpreting chart patterns and technical analysis are more an art form than a skill.

Two charts are important in technical analysis. Bar charts and Candlesticks charts. Bar charts display price data in vertical lines that represents price action during a given time period. The tip at the bottom of a bar chart is the low for the period. The tip at the top is the high for the period. The open and close are represented by small horizontal dashes called tics. The tic to the left of the vertical line is the open. The tic to the right of the line is the close.

Candlestick charts are similar to bar charts. Like the bar charts, the top of the vertical line represent the high and the bottom of the vertical line represents the low. However, the price action between the open and the close is represented differently by the use of candlestick bodies. A shaded body represents a lower closing below a higher opening. A hollow body represents a higher closing above a lower opening.

The price action that takes place above and below the body is referred to as tails or wicks. As a forex day trader, you may use any one of the 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 180 minutes charts for technical analysis. As a swing and position trader, you may use a daily, weekly or a monthly chart. These charts all use the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or the Eastern Standard Time (EST) depending on the software that your broker platform uses. But you can always adjust these times according to your local time.

You need to understand what are markets patterns? What are Uptrends? What are downtrends? And what are sideway trends? Markets expand and retrace constantly. It is the nature of the market to surge and then pause and retrace. Market prices may continue to expand for sometimes either upward or downward.

Trends make a series of peaks and troughs as they move. An uptrend consists of a series of ascending peaks and troughs. A downtrend consists of a series of descending peaks and troughs. A sidways trend consists of a series of horizontal peaks and troughs.

Few things are more satisfying to me that bare chart trading. Ive seen traders with so many indicators on their screen that I could not even see the price of the currency pair. What do any of these indicators tell you anyway? Do I need a MACD or a CCI? I can see which direction the trend is moving without them. How about a stochastic? I can see where candles are closing relative to the high or low. Other than some horizontal lines at key support and resistance levels, some Fibonacci retracements, and trend lines I often have nothing on my charts at all. All of these are topics for future articles.

A bullish engulfing pattern is characterized by having a real body which completely engulfs the real body of the preceding candle. A simpler way of describing this is that the bullish engulfing candle has a higher open and a lower close than the preceding candle. A bearish engulfing candle has a lower open and a higher close than the bar immediately preceding it.

The bullish and bearish engulfing patterns are powerful indicators of a trend reversal. Engulfing patterns must appear after a significant run up or down in price to be considered valid. When the engulfing pattern presents itself at a probable price reversal zone, or a confluence of support or resistance it is even more reliable. My experience has shown these patterns to be over 75% reliable, and normally offer at least a two to one reward to risk ratio when traded on the one hour or four hour charts. They are even more reliable on the daily and weekly charts.

There are a couple of valid methods for trading engulfing patterns. The first is pretty basic. You place a market order at the close of the candle. Your stop loss order goes a few pips past the opposite side of the engulfing candle, and the target goes somewhere at least twice the distance of the stop loss. Using this method, if the engulfing candle has a 50 pip range, your stop loss would be about 55 pips and your target would be about 110 pips away from your entry. The more advanced method involves pulling a Fibonacci retracement tool on the engulfing candle. Place your entry order at the 38.2%, 50% or 61.8% Fibonacci level of the candle, and place the stop loss in the same position as the first method. This method gives you a smaller stop loss, which offers you a much high per pip value, and a bigger target. It has a lower rate of successful fills, so youll have fewer trades using this entry method.

No matter what your method of entry is, you will profit from trading these powerful reversal indicators. Youll also save yourself the stress of conflicting technical indicators and cluttered screens. Trade this pattern for a week and see if I am wrong.

Perhaps the best advice that you will receive from someone is live to trade another day. Currency markets are brutal, volatile and ruthless. In minutes you can lose many pips. You should learn to survive in the markets in the long run. Do not lose all your money in a single day.

The single most common factor that causes many currency traders to blow up their accounts and lose all their money is greed. You start taking unnecessary risks when you get greedy. You will spend many hours trying to find the Holy Grail technical indictor or a forex robot that can make you rich. You will believe that by discovering that secret, you will become rich.

Unfortunately there is no Holy Grail for anyone in trading. You will win and you will lose. So you must learn not to risk more than 2% of your account on one trade. Grow your account incrementally over time. Never ever be tempted to risk big making one single winning trade that can make you rich.

The most important thing that you should know is how much you are willing to risk in a single trade. This is more important than your trading strategy. I said dont risk more than 2% in a single trade. But if you are a risk taker and want to be aggressive, you can go up to 5%. Dont exceed 5%, stay between 1-5%. If you are risk averse and are conservative, on the other hand, you should consider risking between 1-2% only.

Once you have decided on the risk you are willing to take, knowing the rest is simple. Suppose you have a $50,000 account and you decide on a risk of 2%. How much you can risk on a single trade? You can only risk (50,000) (0.02) =$1,000. This is the maximum you should risk on a single trade.

However, if you are going to trade more than one position at the same time, the amount may become higher. Lets assume you are in 3 trades at the same time trading three currency pairs! You should risk only $1,000 per trade. So your total money at risk will be (3) (1000) =$3,000. Once you have calculated your risk, you are can determine the trade size.

Trade size is the number of contracts you purchase in any one single trade. You need to first determine where you want to put your stop loss in order to determine the trade size. Lets use a simple example to make it clear. Suppose you are willing to risk $1000 on trading EUR/USD pair and you decide on a stop loss of 50 pips. Each pip on EUR/USD pair is equal to $10. So the number of contracts that you can trade are 2= (1,000)/ (50) (10).

By calculating your trade size, you have taken the guesswork out of your trading once you have determined your risk level. You can sleep well now. You know how much of your money is at risk. You are going to be able to trade tomorrow. No matter what happens today.

Using these common money management rules will help you avoid the pitfall of losing almost all the money in your account. Learning to survive the markets and trade another day is the essence of trading. This can help your trading take the next level of profitability.

Modified capitalization weighting involves adjustments to the capitalizations of the various component issues of the Nasdaq-100 index. The NDX contract at the CBOE is based on Nasdaq-100 as is the MNX. The Nasdaq-100 is a modified capitalization weighted index.

Russell 2000 is the well known benchmark for small capitalization sector. Several Russell Indexes have become benchmarks for specific areas of investment management. Frank Russell Company is one of the leading global investment consultants. It is also involved in performance measurement, analysis and investment management.

Russell 3000 Index as the name implies includes 3000 issues and these 3000 companies represent 98% of the investable US equities. The index is adjusted for certain factors such as cross holdings and the number of pairs in hands.

Russell 3000 is further split into subsets like Russell 1000 Index. It covers the top 1000 about 92% of the value of the entire 3,000 stock index. The Russell 2000 Index is the smallest 2000 companies in the Russell 3000 Index.

Dow Jones is the publisher of the Wall Street journal. The Wall Street Journal is probably one of the most perfect business franchises from the business point of view. The net worth of most of its readers is in seven figures. Wall Street Journal is a franchise that is very hard to duplicate.

DJIA became an important business barometer over the years. Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) comprising 12 smokestack companies made its debut in the year 1896 and it grew to encompass 30 large industrial companies.

The DJIA is still one of the worlds best known stock measures. It consists of 30 largest and most liquid blue chip stocks in the US. The average is maintained by the editors of the Wall Street Journal.

The DJIA unlike the S&P 500, Russell 3000 Indexes or the Nasdaq-100 is a price weighted average. The highest price issues hold the most influence over the average. Recently Microsoft (MSFT) and Intel were added to the DJIA.

A 1 percent move in a $90 Microsoft (MSFT) stock would have a greater impact than a 1 percent move in a $30 Intel stock on DJIA as compared on the S&P 500. ETFs exit on many Dow Indexes like the DJIA, the Dow Jones Global Titan Index, the Dow Jones Total Market Index, and various sector indexes.

Wilshire flagship index is the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index. Wilshire serves over 400 organizations in over 20 countries across the globe representing over $2 trillion in assets.

It represents the broadest index for the US equity markets. Over the years, it has increased to 6500 issues representing the increase in the number of companies in the US.

The Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) database contains nearly 25,000 securities. This database covers equities in 50 countries and one of the advantages of MCSI and its foreign indexes is consistency. MSCI calculates nearly 3,000 indexes daily and services a client base of over 1,200 worldwide.

There are 100s of ETFs and HOLDRS covering key industry benchmarks such as the various Standard & Poor Indexes, Russell Indexes or the Dow Jones Averages. There are ETFs that cover the other less well known narrow based sectors.

For example, SPY tracks the Standard & Poors S&P 500 Composite Index. It is the largest of the ETFs. You should know the major indexes as an investor that are either key benchmarks or have ETFs tied to them.

Standard & Poor: Standard & Poor (S&P) is the financial services segment of the McGraw Hill companies and has been providing independent and objective financial information, analysis and research for nearly 140 years.

It is also the provider of equity indexes. These indexes are also used as the basis for wide variety of financial instruments such as Index Funds, Futures, Options and ETFs. Investors around the globe use S&P Indexes for investment performance measurement.

S&P 500 Composite is one of the most popular indexes in the global financial markets. It is also used as a key benchmark for money manager performance. Hundreds of companies around the world have licenses with the Standards & Poors for their index products. The influence and name recognition of S&P 500 is unparalleled.

S&P 500 represents more than 75% of the capitalization of the entire US Stock Market. The S&P 500 is a capitalization weighted index that tracks the performance of 500 large capitalization issues. Each year thousands of money managers have the single minded goal of outperforming the S&P 500.

30 years back most of the stocks in S&P 500 were from the Industrial Sector. By 1970s, six of the top companies were from the Oil Sector. Over the years, the complexion of S&P 500 has changed. In 2000s, technology composed about one third of the capitalization of the index. The stocks in the S&P 500 are determined by a nine member committee in accordance with the general guidelines.

The other Standard & Poors indexes are the S&P Midcap 400 Index. It measures the performance of the midsize companies of the US economy. It is based on 400 chosen domestic stocks and is also capitalization based.

The S&P SmallCap 600 Index consists of 600 domestic stocks chosen for market size and liquidity. It is also capitalization weighted and is of interest to institutional and retail investors. There are also sub-indexes based on these S&P Indexes.

NASDAQ: You will often hear the Nasdaq market being up or down on a given day in the media. NASDAQ Composite Index contains more than 4500+ companies representing a market capitalization of trillions of dollars.

There is another Nasdaq Index called the Nasdaq-100. NASDAQ-100 is composed of the top 100 nonfinancial companies in the Nasdaq Stock Market like Microsoft etc. It is a modified capitalization weighted index. The QQQ is based on the Nasdaq-100 Index.

In case of currency trading, the cost of trading is hidden in the bid/ask spreads offered by the broker. Day traders often rake up major commissions charges if they are trading stocks which makes it that much more difficult to beat the overall market. In the end, if you are unable to breakeven, you cannot survive long in day trading. So the more you day trade, the higher your trading cost will become.

Swing trading also entails facing stiff trading cost. These trading costs come in the shape of spread in case of currencies or commissions per each trade if you are trading stocks. But these trading costs are nothing as severe in swing trading as in day trading. Price action spans several days to several weeks in swing trading. Market fundamentals can come into play to a larger degree in swing trading as compared to day trading.

Day to day currency movements are due less to market fundamentals and more to short term supply and demand of currencies or shares. Swing trading can also generate higher potential profits on single trades because the holding period is longer than in day trading.

There is a misconception that day trading can be taken as a hobby. Day trading demands lots of attention and time commitment from you. It is stressful and a winning position can turn into a losing one within seconds. You have to have strong nerves, if you want to permanently take on day trading.

Swing trading currency markets can be very profitable. Currency markets are open 24/5. You can enter or exit a position even late hours. Now the good thing about swing trading is that you can take it full time or part time. Swing trading with an eye on earning additional income or improving the returns on your portfolio is less stressful than swing trading for a living.

Part time swing trading means doing analysis when you get home from work! Then implementing trades the following day! You can enter stop loss orders to protect your capital even though you may not be able to watch the market all day. You should first go through this phase first if you eventually want full time swing trading.

Swing trading part time is suitable for you if you have a full time job but can devote a few hours a week to analyzing markets and securities or currencies. You should have a passion for financial markets and short term trading. If you are achieving subpar results in your current investment portfolios from your financial advisors or third party then you can take up part time swing trading.

Part time swing trading is for those individuals who are not gamblers and dont take undue risks like doubling down their positions. They should also have the discipline to consistently place stop loss orders. Again swing trading is not for fun.

By swing trading instead of day trading, you are able to commit less capital to the markets to reach extraordinary gains. At the end of the day, when it comes down to is the fact that you need to determine your trading style before you become serious in trading.

Determining your trading style is very important right from the beginning. Not knowing what type of a trader you are can make or break your trading career. Take the analogy of a cricket team. There are 11 players in each team in the match. All players are talented and super fit. Everyone can throw and catch the ball. However some are more skilled at balling. Others are more skilled at batting. If the baller is going to do the job of the batter, not many runs will be made and the match will be lost.

Investing in the markets is also the same. It depends on your personality makeup what type of trading is best suited to you. In general there are three types of trading: Positions trading, swing trading and day trading.

Position Trading is generally the buy and hold strategy of investing in stocks over a long haul. In currency trading, position trading means you are in a trade for many months. Usually positions traders are in a trade for a large long term move like when you carry trade. Options traders can also be position traders through covered calls.

Swing Trading means taking short term positions in anticipation of quick market movements over a series of days or weeks. Swing trading is possibly the most dynamic of the three types of trading as the swing trader is able to switch up holding times quickly as the market demands. Swing traders take advantage of technical and fundamental analysis.

In Day Trading, you attempt to capitalize on intraday movements with the markets often trading on momentum and news. Day traders are also known as Kings of Stress. Day trading is not easy and it is certainly not a hobby. Sometimes when the positions warrants holding for a longer period, day trading can become swing trading!

Day trading is ideal for those who are able to handle erratic market movements while actually also having time to monitor the positions throughout the day. You should note that if you dont have time to watch your trades every moment, you should not think of day trading. Day trading is the riskiest of the three trading styles.

Know That Swing Trading Is a Better Alternative to Day Trading Day trading hardly ever ends up well especially if the trader has no previous professional trading experience. Only 10% of the day traders succeed. Many people are attracted to the glamour and excitement of day trading. Most day trader usually blow up their accounts and fade away soon.

Swing trading can be on the other hand a much more effective trading style especially if you are a newer trader. By holding positions overnight and even for a few weeks, you can expose less money for larger moves. If you are a new trader, think about it for a moment.