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Retirement plans benefit from special tax advantages but also are subject to special restrictions. For instance, there are rules that allow tax breaks for contributing to retirement plans and rules that allow retirement plan income to grow on a tax-deferred basis, but there also are rules that limit annual contributions and rules that dictate the timing and amount of distributions you take from those plans.
IRAs: Considered to be the most widely used retirement plans around, IRAs are a mix of easy setup and maintenance. Anyone can open an IRA, regardless of employer approval, and you can contribute as much as you want (as long as you don’t surpass the annual limits). Listed below are the descriptions of the three most popular types of IRAs.
Traditional IRA Options. IRA assets grow tax deferred, meaning that you owe no tax on the earnings until you withdraw funds.
Contribution eligibility depends on earned income, statutory limits, and age. You can only contribute, at a maximum, as much as your earned income. Earned income is defined as income from wages and self-employment income in the period of one year. Earned income does not include investment income. If you are age 50 or older then you may also be allowed to contribute what are called catch-up contributions. Additionally, your spouse can also use your income to make contributions of his or her own. However, you and your spouse are only eligible for make contributions if you have not reached age 70 at the end of the year of the said contribution.
Before you decide to start with a traditional IRA, it is wise to consider your other options. These options include a Roth IRA and an employer’s 401(k) plan.
Contribution deductibility is one factor that often times leads an indication to switch the type of IRA that they use. Your income level is an important indicator as to whether you will be able to deduct all of your contributions. If you and your spouse are able to participate in an employer-sponsored plan, then you will definitely be able to deduct your contributions. However, these deductions might not be worth anything if your adjusted gross income (AGI) is too high.
For those that are not able to make a deduction contribution, making a nondeductible contribution is a viable option. You will still be able to enjoy tax-deferred growth on your retirement account. Additionally, if you wait until you are age 59 you can withdraw your funds and only be taxed on earnings.
Roth IRA. A Roth IRA and a traditional IRA have the same contribution amounts. The difference between these two plans is the eligibility rules. A Roth IRA has no age limit with respect to contributions. However, you are only allowed to escape the age limit if you meet the earned income requirement.
You also must remember that the total annual contributions to your IRA may never exceed the defined limit. In order to get around these limits you are able to split your contribution between a traditional and Roth IRA.
It is important to keep in mind that you are not able to claim a deduction for your contributions with a Roth IRA. However, you are able to withdraw all IRA earnings without tax after you reach age 59. This only applies if you have had the account for at least 5 years.
There are other differences as well. Traditional IRAs have required minimum distribution rules that must be strictly followed. Roth IRAs have no distribution requirements during your lifetime.
The exact formula for calculating the contribution amount is very complicated. However, if you were to use 20% of your net self-employment earnings as a guess it would be a close estimate.The formula for calculating the exact contribution amount is too complex for our purposes, but a rough estimate of 20% of your net self-employment earnings is a good start.
Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA. A SEP IRA provides self-employed individuals a way to make more significant retirement contributions than would be available to them through a traditional or Roth IRA. Funds are treated, for tax purposes, the same as IRA funds; you may claim a deduction for your contributions, and distributions will be taxed. But the contribution limits can be much higher.
This data is distributed for informational purposes only; Doeren Mayhew is not rendering legal, accounting, or other professional advice or opinions and assumes no legal responsibility. Contact Doeren Mayhew for more information.
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